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"Judges should in particular have the following responsibilities: a. to act independently in all cases and free from any outside influence; b. to conduct cases in an impartial manner in accordance with their assessment of the facts and their understanding of law, to ensure that a fair hearing is given to all parties."

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CoE (Committee of Ministers): Recommendation No. R(94)12 of the Committee Of Ministers to Member States on the Independence, Efficiency, and Role of Judges, principle V.3.a-b

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Recommendation No. R(94)12 of the Committee Of Ministers to Member States on the Independence, Efficiency, and Role of Judges

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French

Summaries

In the determination of suits at law the independence and impartiality of tribunals is an absolute right.