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"However, the positive obligations on States Parties to ensure Covenant rights will only be fully discharged if individuals are protected by the State, not just against violations of Covenant rights by its agents, but also against acts committed by private persons or entities that would impair the enjoyment of Covenant rights..."

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UN (CCPR): General Comment No. 31[80]: Nature of the General Legal Obligation on States Parties to the Covenant, para. 8

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General Comment No. 31[80]: Nature of the General Legal Obligation on States Parties to the Covenant

Summaries

States have a duty to protect the fundamental human rights of all within their jurisdiction.