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"It should be clear that the electoral system itself is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition to ensure women’s representation. Additional measures are needed to encourage the increase in women’s representation. Some measures have been included in the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly recommendation 1676 (2004), adopted on 5 October 2004.
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CoE (Venice Commission): Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe, para. 181Summaries
- Temporary measures to achieve de facto equality for women may include the use of quotas to ensure their participation or representation.
- Temporary special measures to achieve de facto equality for women can include financially assisting and training women candidates, amending electoral procedures, developing campaigns directed at equal participation, and targeting women for appointment to public positions, or the use of quotas.