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"In order to guarantee a measure of representativeness of elected persons, a quorum is often necessary in order to validate an election in the first or, indeed, the second round. The quorum can take two forms: a minimum score in terms of the registered electorate for the leading candidate or the attainment of a certain participation rate. "
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CoE (Venice Commission): Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria, para. 47

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Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria

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