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"Universal suffrage means in principle that all human beings have the right to vote. This right may, however, and indeed should, be subject to certain conditions:
d. Deprivation of the right to vote:
i. provision may be made for depriving individuals of their right to vote, but only subject to the following cumulative conditions:
ii. it must be provided for by law;
iii. the proportionality principle must be observed;
iv. the deprivation must be based on mental incapacity or a criminal conviction for a serious offence;
v. furthermore, the withdrawal of political rights or finding of mental incapacity may only be imposed by express decision of a court of law.
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