Quote

"Article 18 may not be relied upon to justify discrimination against women by reference to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; States parties should therefore provide information on the status of women as regards their freedom of thought, conscience and religion, and indicate what steps they have taken or intend to take both to eliminate and prevent infringements of these freedoms in respect of women and to protect their right not to be discriminated against."

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UN (CCPR): General Comment No. 28: Equality of Rights Between Men and Women (Article 3), para. 21

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General Comment No. 28: Equality of Rights Between Men and Women (Article 3)

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Summaries

The state must perform both its "negative duty" to refrain from discrimination and its "positive duty" to prevent discrimination.
The state must perform both its "negative duty" to refrain from discrimination against women and its "positive duty" to prevent discrimination against women.