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"Both before and during the election cycle, governments should make concerted efforts to dismantle private armed groups and prosecute those responsible for participating in or forming them. State forces should also protect citizens from armed groups."
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UNHRC: Report of the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary, or Arbitrary Executions, Philip Alston: Addendum on Election-Related Violence and Killings, para. 71Summaries
- Necessary steps to give effect to human rights include a requirement to prevent, punish, investigate, or redress violations of human rights by non-state actors.
- The duty to investigate includes the investigation of acts by private persons and entities.
- States have a duty to provide appropriate judicial and administrative means for addressing claims of rights violations.