Obligation
Equality Between Men and Women
Treaty sources make clear that women should enjoy equal rights to men [1] and that in some cases states should take temporary special measures to achieve de facto equality for women.[1] Interpretive sources indicate that temporary special measures to achieve de facto equality for women can include financially assisting and training women candidates, amending electoral procedures, developing campaigns directed at equal participation, and targeting women for appointment to public positions or the use of quotas to ensure female participation in public affairs.[3] Interpretive sources also indicate that measures taken to ensure equitable representation of women should not be considered discriminatory.[4] Interpretive sources highlight the importance of gender disaggregated data in order to fully assess the degree to which women and men are able to participate in electoral processes equally.[5]
Issues
- Special Measures
- Female Candidates
- Citizenship
- Freedom From Discrimination in the Legal Framework
- The Legal Framework and Men and Women
- Freedom From Discrimination and the Electoral Management Body
- Equal Treatment of Candidates and Parties
- Freedom From Discrimination and the Media
- Freedom From Discrimination in Voter Education
- Access to Information and Electoral Management Body Documents
- Access to Electoral Information
- Transparency and Access to Electoral Documents
Special Measures
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Legal Framework
- Electoral System and Boundary Delimitation
- Election Management
- Voter Education
- Candidacy and Campaigning
- Voter Registration
- Voting Operations
Special measures were taken to ensure de facto equality for people with disabilities
- Election management bodies should ensure that women and marginalized groups participate in the electoral process. [?]
Special measures were taken, as necessary, to promote equality for minorities
- Election management bodies should ensure that women and marginalized groups participate in the electoral process. [?]
The state took steps to ensure de facto equality between men and women
- Women should enjoy equality with men before the law. [?]
- States should take special, temporary measures to achieve de facto equality for women. [?]
- Temporary measures to achieve de facto equality for women may include the use of quotas to ensure their participation or representation. [?]
- Election management bodies should ensure that women and marginalized groups participate in the electoral process. [?]
- Measures should be taken to ensure that women understand their right to vote. [?]
- The voter registration system should be carefully tailored to ensure that cultural factors affecting women (name changes with marriage) do not result in disenfranchisement. [?]
- Discrimination must not be practiced based on sex. [?]
- Discrimination includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference on the basis of sex. [?]
- Redistricting should not discriminate against any citizen on the basis of sex. [?]
- The state must perform both its "negative duty" to refrain from discrimination against women and its "positive duty" to prevent discrimination against women. [?]
- Special measures for advancing women where they have suffered past discrimination may include quotas to ensure participation or representation. [?]
- Temporary special measures to achieve de facto equality for women can include financially assisting and training women candidates, amending electoral procedures, developing campaigns directed at equal participation, and targeting women for appointment to public positions, or the use of quotas. [?]
- Electoral system design should take into account the needs and facilitate participation and representation of vulnerable groups, including of women, minorities, and persons with disabilities. [?]
- Measures to promote the participation and representation of women could include gender-targeted public funding of political parties. [?]
The electoral management body included women
Female Candidates
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Candidacy and Campaigning
Female candidates participated in the electoral process on an equal basis with men
- Women should enjoy equality with men before the law. [?]
- Political parties must embrace the principles of equal opportunity for female candidates. [?]
- With respect to candidates for office, there should be no restrictions on candidates based on sex. [?]
The state took steps to ensure de facto equality between men and women
- Collection and publication of gender-disaggregated information around electoral processes contributes to raising awareness and advancement of women's rights. [?]
Both the state and citizens were able to support candidates and parties, including financial support, and this support did not interfere with the independence of the party
- Measures to promote the participation and representation of women could include gender-targeted public funding of political parties. [?]
Citizenship
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Legal Framework
Citizenship rules did not discriminate directly or indirectly against women
- Women should enjoy equality with men before the law. [?]
- Discrimination must not be practiced based on sex. [?]
- Discrimination includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference on the basis of sex. [?]
- The state must perform both its "negative duty" to refrain from discrimination against women and its "positive duty" to prevent discrimination against women. [?]
Freedom From Discrimination in the Legal Framework
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Legal Framework
The legal framework for elections did not include provisions that discriminate on the basis of prohibited grounds
- Discrimination includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference on the basis of sex. [?]
The legal framework for elections included guarantees of equality before the law
- Women should enjoy equality with men before the law. [?]
The Legal Framework and Men and Women
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Legal Framework
The state took steps to ensure de facto equality between men and women
- Collection and publication of gender-disaggregated information around electoral processes contributes to raising awareness and advancement of women's rights. [?]
The legal framework for elections included guarantees of equality before the law for men and women
- Women should enjoy equality with men before the law. [?]
- Discrimination must not be practiced based on sex. [?]
- Discrimination includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction, or preference on the basis of sex. [?]
- The state must perform both its "negative duty" to refrain from discrimination against women and its "positive duty" to prevent discrimination against women. [?]
Freedom From Discrimination and the Electoral Management Body
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Election Management
The electoral management body treated all citizens equally
- Discrimination must not be practiced based on sex. [?]
Equal Treatment of Candidates and Parties
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Candidacy and Campaigning
Regulations for candidacy and campaigning were not discriminatory
Freedom From Discrimination and the Media
- Relevant Election Parts:
- The Media
Female and male candidates received equal coverage
- Women candidates should receive equal coverage to their male counterparts. [?]
The regulation of the media promoted equality and absence of discrimination
- Discrimination must not be practiced based on sex. [?]
Freedom From Discrimination in Voter Education
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Voter Education
All citizens received voter education regardless of their race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, physical or mental ability, sexual orientation or gender identity, property, birth, or other status
Access to Information and Electoral Management Body Documents
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Election Management
The state took steps to ensure de facto equality between men and women
- Collection and publication of gender-disaggregated information around electoral processes contributes to raising awareness and advancement of women's rights. [?]
Access to Electoral Information
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Election Management
The state took steps to ensure de facto equality between men and women
- Collection and publication of gender-disaggregated information around electoral processes contributes to raising awareness and advancement of women's rights. [?]
Transparency and Access to Electoral Documents
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Voter Registration
The state took steps to ensure de facto equality between men and women
- Collection and publication of gender-disaggregated information around electoral processes contributes to raising awareness and advancement of women's rights. [?]
Public Funding for Election Campaigns
- Relevant Election Parts:
- Candidacy and Campaigning
Both the state and citizens were able to support candidates and parties, including financial support, and this support did not interfere with the independence of the party
- Measures to promote the participation and representation of women could include gender-targeted public funding of political parties. [?]